The Conflict Of Gender Discrimination - 1269 Words

Gender Discrimination has been a part of the many issues of society. Gender discrimination persists in many countries. Social issues exist because people from different places come live together under a social setting and conflict arises due to the fact that everyone has different opinions in regards to religion, health, political issues, education, etc. There are however, many ways to overcome these social issues to help society function as a whole. Conflict theorists believe that the struggle over power exists between groups in society. In this theory, men are seen as the dominant gender and women are viewed as weak. Women are seen as submissive towards men in order for men to maintain the power and privilege in society. Conflict theorists affirm that social problems occur because the dominant groups (men) oppress the subordinate groups (women). It becomes apparent that women are treated unfairly in society when we study issues, such as The Gender Wage Gap. The gender wage gap is a very sensitive issue that woman have been fighting for many years. The pay gap is defined as,† the difference in men’s and women’s median earnings† (The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap). The gender wage gap is very unfair and unequal to all women. There are no real reasons why men are paid more. Of course, the excuse for paying them more is that they are smarter or stronger. Women have worked so hard to prove this wrong. Another thing that can really affect the wage between both is theShow MoreRelatedMy Understanding Of Education Level Peace Building Efforts Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagescontexts has broadened and, at the same time, challenged my understanding of gender dynamics in conflict context. This reflection essay aims to discuss how these presentations deepened and complicated my understanding of gender. I t will mainly focus on Kurshid’s presentations of violent extremism in Pakistan. However, I will also use part of Fatma’s presentation on Western Sahara for the first part of the discussion below. II. Gender Issues and Perspectives During the presentations, I came across with numerousRead MoreDiscrimination in the Book â€Å"Of Mice and Men† by John Steinbeck1451 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination was one of the issues that caused conflict in the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† by John Steinbeck. One example of discrimination in the novel comes in the form of racial discrimination against Crooks, as he is an African American. Another example of discrimination is gender discrimination against Curley’s wife. Finally, there is discrimination against mentally disabled people, which is evident in Lennie’s character. The ranch hands actions and conversations demonstrated the racial discriminationRead MoreWhy Is It A Social Problem And Not A Personal Problem Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages The gender age gap is a social problem since it affects a majority of the society and that it affects not only one’s life but also society in which the gender gap is present depending on the extent of this gap. For example, the average Canadian women owns only 82 cents for every dollar the average men make based on a weekly salary comparison and full and partial time shifts (†¦). This affects life considerably of the individuals and families since, according to the (†¦) research, the gender wage gapRead MoreThe Issue Of The Canadian Immigration Act1399 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of trans genders. During the 1960s, the British Parliament deiced to decriminalize some of the offences of Tran genders. In the May of 1969, following the prime ministers elections, after Pierre Elliot Trudeau was elected as P.M., his government passed Bill C-150. This bill decriminalized gay sex for the first time in Canadian history. In the late 1970s, Canada saw two major legislatives chan ges. One, was the decision of Quebec of amend its Human Rights Code to prohibit discrimination based on sexualRead MoreTaking a Look at the Syrian Crisis723 Words   |  3 Pagesrights movements and for advocacy of greater political freedoms, social justice, non-discrimination and gender equality. Although, Syria arguably grants greater rights to women than most other countries in the middle east, discrimination against women is clearly found in its laws relating to women’s personal status and role in the family, including issues related to marriage, inheritance, custody, divorce, and gender-based violence. Conservative interpretations of Sharia law largely influence theseRead MoreGender Is A Complex And Controversial Phenomenon1415 Words   |  6 PagesGender remains a very complex and controversial phenomenon. Within most societies, gender is defined along binary lines- through a two-part system. Some individuals do not find it difficult being socialized and identifying with a societies’ definition of â€Å"femaleness† and â€Å"maleness†. Others, however, have a more difficult time. The term â€Å"transgender† refers to particular individuals whose gender identification does not align with what society would rather regard them as, and are based on the conventionalRead MoreConflict Theory1445 Words   |  6 PagesConflict theory is the theory that human behavior in social contexts is the result of conflicts between competing groups, as different social groups, be they class-, gender- or race-defined, have unequal power and access to power, yet all groups compete for limited resources. This inevitably gives rise to tension and conflict, albeit often of the subtle variety, as oftentimes the conflicts between groups have been institutionalized in society to such a degree that the conflicts and tensions are suchRead MoreHomophobia And Discrimination864 Words   |  4 Pages Discrimination and prejudice against sexual minorities are a major social concern in the U.S. today (Rivers, 2011). The stigma towards homosexuals can be a hinder to a healthy identity development and can cause a context of isolation and tension. This discussion talks about the insight and deviance, which violators of important social norms are therefore stigmatized. Hence, deviants are believed to be different from normal people and are set apart. When the social norms are violated, they couldRead MoreWalmart Employees And Discrimination Against Women Essay924 Words   |  4 Pages SUMMARY Walmart periodically has made headlines because someone has accused the discount retailer of discrimination. For that reason Walmart have to settle the matter in a federal lawsuit that charged the company with racial discrimination. And more recent Walmart involved in allegations of discrimination against woman. The equal employment commission charged Walmart with turning down female applicants to fill orders in its distribution center in London, Kentucky, even though they were asRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Democratic Republic Of Congo1410 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s Position in Chaos: The Violence in Congo Problem Statement The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has continuously experienced increasingly brutal cases of violence against the female gender (Peterman, Palemo, Bredenkamp, 2011). As Peterman et al. (2011) continue to state, this gender based violence against women in the Congo is mainly characterized by widespread sexual violence, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), gang rape, and the abduction of women for sexual slavery purposes among several

Illinois Is A Full Of Corruption And Greed - 1128 Words

Campaign Paper Illinois is a full of corruption and greed. There are certain aspects that need to be changed in order to help voters get what they want and also to alter the political culture of the state. The Governor of Illinois has a lot of say as to what happens politically in Illinois. For one thing, the Governor is responsible for enacting laws. This can affect the lives of the citizens of Illinois. Voting for governor can help with voters self-awareness and the state’s happiness. Many Governors of Illinois have not done their job correctly or have bended the rules in order to get things done. This has resulted in many previous Governors to be either impeached or convicted for their crimes. Vote for Karen Yarbrough during the†¦show more content†¦Whereas over 20% of Illinoisans speak a language other than English at home. The Roman Catholics constituted the single largest religious denomination in Illinois. The state’s religions also include Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, Jewish, Mormon, and Baha’is. Illinois has many natural resources, including coal, timber, and petroleum. Illinois has three major geographical divisions; Northern, Central and Southern. Illinois was a political swing state with near-parity existing between the Republican and Democratic parties. However, in recent elections, the Democratic Party has gained ground and Illinois has come to be seen as a solid blue state in presidential contests. Chicago and most of Cook County voters have long been strongly Democratic. College towns also lean Democrat. Republicans continue to prevail in the outlying Chicago exurban areas, as well as rural northern and central Illinois. Republican support is also strong in southern Illinois, outside of the East St. Louis metropolitan area. The state has normal voting requirements and early voting is available (Illinois State Board of Elections, 2015). Illinois has an interesting type of primary system. It has a mix between open and closed (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2014). It can be seen and seems really obvious to me that the nature of elections in Illinois is dirty (Scheele, Losco, Hall, 2012).

Journal Management And Marketing Research -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Management And Marketing Research? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to examine the recent trends in the job market of finance sector and to analyze various factors of it. This report includes various types of finance jobs that are paid and unpaid and the characteristics of each job are explained in this report. Examining the job market As it is a matter of fact that recession and financial crisis has affected the world market immensely including the finance sector, it should be worthwhile to choose a career path that can be sustained in the future. In this section the job market o finance sector is analyzed. Five career trends for next five years In finance sector there are five most important and lucrative job opportunities for the job seekers like Risk Management Analyst, Financial Operation analyst, Financial planner, Corporate Finance analyst and Financial accountant. Which careers are increasing and decreasing In this regard it can be said that the requirement of Financial operations analysts are on the higher end and after completing bachelors degree on finance and having a few years experience one can apply for posts like this (Glaeser, Kerr Kerr, 2015). The major skill that is needed for this job is to analyze the financial data and experts can perform high and medium level data analysis for generating reports regarding external and internal operations of a business organization. the median salary of this kinds of jobs are 71,750 US dollars. The position of a financial planner in the finance sector is associated with customer service. A financial planner or a retail banker traditionally works for banks and they provide necessary information to the customers regarding financial planning. In the global market the requirements of individuals in this post is getting increased day by day as the awareness of people regarding financial issues are rising after experiencing global financial crisis. The median salary of a retail banker is somewhat 35000 US dollars. Risk management analyst is a major post in the sector of finance. The significance of the management of risks in the financial sector is immense and become necessity after the market crash experienced in the year of 2008. The large financial corporations and banks are recruiting risk management analysts so that the organizations can adapt to the ever-changing market conditions and can effectively use complex entity structures in order to protect the investments (Cecchetti Kharroubi, 2015). The requirement of risk management analysts are growing rapidly but equally across the niches like markets, operations and credit. The main job of the risk analysts is to assess the risks of the potential operational issues, threats from the rival organizations and the risks to company assets. There are huge opportunities for the corporate financial analysts as there are presence of the demands of financial management and finance expertise (Pillinger, 2016). In contemporary times, there is a major requirement of larger business organizations and banks in this regard. An individual who has completed bachelors degree in commerce and have a MBA degree can apply for this post. Lastly, it can be said that demand of financial accountant is immense as it can be said that the requirement of financial in finance sector is huge because they assess important documents regarding the financial metrics and other aspects and eventually they summarize the reports to the executives and the shareholders of the company. The median salary of the financial accountants is somewhat 69000 US dollars. Recent trends and what are driving these trends The aftermath of global financial crisis has led the business leaders to look into this sector in order to avoid any kinds of financial crisis in future. It can be said that the global financial market is ever-changing and any types of disputes in the fundamental planning can expose the business organizations even the economy of a country to the threat of various types of financial crisis (Gupta, Kumar Singh, 2014). That is why the recent trend is to recruit specialized professionals in specific posts in the workforce. This has enhanced the demands of certain above mentioned posts in the financial market globally. Examining a paid occupation In this section of this report the paid jobs as a paid occupation is examined and discussed. Brief description of jobs The major jobs in financial sector are of financial accountants, corporate financial analysts, risk management analysts, financial planners and post of financial operation analysts. In this context the role of these designated posts are discussed briefly (Beck, Lu Yang, 2015). Financial accountants analyze various aspects of the business organization and assess the financial documents and provide an accurate report to the executives or the management of the business organizations. Corporate Finance analysts analyze the finances of business organizations. to apply for this post the individuals should have a MBA degree from a reputed University and has to have a good knowledge of finance (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). The corporate finance analysts are the heart of an business organizations and they are significantly helpful in order to avoid any kinds of financial crisis. Retail bankers or the financial planners generally work for banks and at times they work for online banks too. The individuals who work as financial planners they have the duties of authorizing the loans, setting up accounts in banks, finding good investment plans for the clients and many more. The financial analysts analyze the financial data of the business organizations and they make reports by predicting the external and internal operations of that business organization (Cournde, Denk Hoeller, 2015). Lastly the risk management analysts work for banks or for large business organizations and they analyze the market conditions and protect their organizations from any financial crisis. Tasks that individuals are likely to undertake In this regard it can be said that the jobs that are above mentioned, out of them the jobs of retail banker and the financial accountants are immensely popular. As requirements of individuals for these two jobs are immense nowadays and after completing the bachelors degree individuals can apply for these posts. Required training/ education To make a career in finance sector, individuals have to have a bachelors degree in commerce background and it would be a major help if the candidates have a MBA degree from any reputed university (Glaeser, Kerr Kerr, 2015). To get a good job with higher salaries, a few years of experience and having a MBA degree is mandatory. Income of a fresh graduate If an individual after completing his graduation takes up a job it is likely that in todays world he would be able to draw a salary of 35000 US dollars. Impact of these jobs in future The individuals who successfully work as a finance professional in any reputed organization can easily expect to get more paying jobs in future and there are significatnt growth opportunities in this sector. Contribution of this sector to society It can be said that the contribution of finance sector to society is significant. The finance sector decides the living standards and well being of the individuals of the country. If a nation economy faces threats, it would directly affect the individuals of that particular country. Thus, it can be said that the finance sector and the individuals who work in finance sector ensures the living standards of the individuals of that particular sector. Description of the organisation and the job The Australian Red Cross is a leading volunteering organisation in the country that provides services and programmes dealing with international humanitarian law, emergency management and blood donation and so on. The organisation was established in 1914 and acquired legal status in June 1941. The mission of the company is to become the leading humanitarian organisation in Australia (Redcross.org.au, 2018). In this type of organisation, the job that is expected to be done is managing the accounts. This type of organisations is involved with various charitable societies and due to this, it is important to have an accountant managing the finances of the company. Activities and tasks for the job The expected job and activities that are required to be carried out in The Australian Red Cross include the preparation of assets, liabilities and capital accounts by analysing the account information. Other tasks include documenting any financial transaction that takes place between the company and any other charitable societies. According to Coller, Cordero and Echavarren (2018), analysing the current financial status of the company is also important to predict future investment plans. The securing of financial information is also required to be done by completing the database backups. Attraction towards this area of volunteering The Australian Red Cross provides support to the people in need of proper care. It has been seen that during natural calamities many people in the country become homeless and suffer from injuries. The Australian Red Cross provides care to these people and aims to provide the best community service as far as possible. Legal migrants from other countries are supported by the organisation so that they can have a proper life support. Thus, due to these reasons, the attraction towards this voluntary organisation has increased. The work done by the organisation helps vulnerable people to stake a claim in the high society by building a life from the ruins of disasters. Required training or education To perform effectively in this profession it is necessary that the individuals need to have a minimum of bachelor's degree in the accounting field. However, a master's degree in the field is always preferable. Apart from this, training an individual need to be aware of the minimum methods by which community service can be done effectively. This includes leading the people to respond to the calls for service. Training also needs to be acquired about the ways to manage accounting software as in the modern day, these works are done using the technology rather than manual labour (Shoup, 2017). Hence, minimum education and training in the field of job can help in qualifying for working in this voluntary sector. Potential for paid position The paid job needs to be an accountant. The potential of the paid job is such that an individual can use the experience earned in trying to seek a job in another area of business. Accountants are in huge demand in the market owing to the large amount finances that are spent in gaining a competitive advantage. In the case of The Australian Red Cross, such positions need to be paid so that the employees seeking a job as accountants can remain motivated to work in the organisation. Effectiveness of skills acquired for other jobs The skills acquired from this job can help an individual get better job positions and payment in other sectors. As stated by Chaneta (2014) every company need to have an accountant so that it can maintain the financial stability. Thus, individuals seeking a move from the voluntary organisations to private sectors can gain a major hike in the salary. The skills can be useful for making a career as a Chartered Accountant in any high profile company. Contribution of the organisation to the society The Australian Red Cross provides community service and aids the vulnerable people. Hence, it can be said that the contribution made by the organisation towards the society is valuable. The organising of awareness programmes helps the people of the society understand the value of life and they remain aware about the things that they need to avoid for leading a healthy life (Tai Chuang, 2014). For example, the migrants in Australia are aided in a way so that they do not feel isolated. They are made to welcome and are provided with the proper medical attention or service that they require for surviving in the country. Contribution of the organisation to the economy It can be said that The Australian Red Cross helps in increasing the economy of Australian. Although the funds earned by the organisation is largely due to the donations from the public and corporate partnerships, the contribution they make to the society helps in increasing the economic condition. As stated by Suliman, Al-Khatib Thomas (2016), the donations made by the company for aiding the poor and the deprived people are used to increase the economy of the country. Hence, it can b said that the corporate social responsibility that an organisation needs to perform are done efficiently by The Australian Red Cross. Identifying recruitment competitors In the modern world, every organisation seeks employees that can help them in achieving success. These employees are recruited with the help of the recruitment agencies that provide placement to individuals in big companies. Some of the recruitment agencies include SEEK.com, Adecco, K2 recruitment, Robert Walters recruitment and WISE Employment Australia. These recruitment agencies compete against one another to improve its profitability by searching and placing people in jobs of their respective professions. Trends in recruitment over the next five years Given the amount of competition between industries, it is necessary that companies develop new strategies to improve the recruitment process. Some of the trends that can be effective over the course of the next five years include hiring an increased volume of people. This is essential in order to support the growth of the business. Vickers, McDonald Grimes (2014) observed that about 56% of recruits are hired for the successful growth of the business. Apart from this, the other trend in the business includes the conversion rate of the sourcing. This can help in analysing the efficiency of the recruiters. Strategy for gaining employment In order to seek employment in The Australian Red Cross, the target of the recruiters need to be the voluntary companies. These companies will be chosen based on the current employee strength and the rate of employee turnover. Before applying for the job, the financial position and the reputation of the company need to be analysed. To seek employment individuals can choose from job fairs, referral system and networking. The best method for being recruited however is networking as it helps to come in direct contact with the organisations. Conclusion Hence, it can be concluded that to seek a job in organisations it is necessary for individuals to identify the current requirements of a company. This can help in pursuing a career in that particular field and get an effective job. The current trend in the market can help in gaining education and training that is specific to the requirements. Recruitment trends also need to be followed so that the recruitment companies can remain updated. References Ayyagari, M., Juarros, P., Peria, M. S. M., Singh, S. (2016). Access to Finance and Job Growth. Beck, T., Lu, L., Yang, R. (2015). Finance and growth for microenterprises: evidence from rural china.World Development,67, 38-56. Cecchetti, S. G., Kharroubi, E. (2015). Why does financial sector growth crowd out real economic growth?. Chaneta, I. (2014). Recruitment and Selection.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,4(2), 289. Coller, X., Cordero, G., Echavarren, J. M. (2018). Recruitment and Selection. InPolitical Power in Spain(pp. 83-102). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Cournde, B., Denk, O., Hoeller, P. (2015). Finance and inclusive growth. Glaeser, E. L., Kerr, S. P., Kerr, W. R. (2015). Entrepreneurship and urban growth: An empirical assessment with historical mines.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(2), 498-520. Gupta, M., Kumar, V., Singh, M. (2014). Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality: A study of the private insurance sector in Punjab (India).Journal of business ethics,122(1), 79-88. Pillinger, J. (2016).Feminising the market: Women's pay and employment in the European Community. Springer. Redcross.org.au. (2018).Redcross.org.au. Retrieved 21 January 2018, from https://www.redcross.org.au/ Schaper, M. (Ed.). (2016).Making ecopreneurs: developing sustainable entrepreneurship. CRC Press. Schaper, M. (Ed.). (2016).Making ecopreneurs: developing sustainable entrepreneurship. CRC Press. Shoup, C. (2017).Public finance. Routledge. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Storey, D. J. (2016).Understanding the small business sector. Routledge. Suliman, A. M., Al-Khatib, H. T., Thomas, S. E. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility.Corporate Social Performance: Reflecting on the Past and Investing in the Future, 15. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117. Vickers, G., McDonald, M., Grimes, J. (2014). A cross country comparison of best practices in recruitment and selection.Journal of Management and Marketing Research,15, 1.

The Quran Treatment and Status of Women

Islam is based on the traditions and ideals, which are stipulated in the Quran. The directives and examples of the Prophet Muhammad reinforce these traditions and ideals. The Quran repeatedly gives expression on the need for treating men and women with equity and reproaches those who believe women to be inferior to men.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Quran: Treatment and Status of Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Women’s role in the formation of Islamic society in its first decades is well documented. Despite the historical data available, the fundamentalist and conservative forces that control the modern images of women have suppressed Islamic women’s place in religious history. The various restrictions, social rules, and seclusion, isolation has emerged as one of the dominant features which characterizes the life and activities of Muslim women. The implicit view is that the existing soc ial system, of the Muslim communities and women’s position there in has been maintained largely because of historical isolation. The ideal image of women, as advocated by Quran, is not reflected in populist representation of Muslim women in contextual situation (Dawood, 2004). The women’s passivity, seclusion, and marginal place in Muslim society have little to do with Islamic tradition. However, they are, on the contrary, ideological constructs that are alien to Islam and effects of the misuse of power by reactionary forces. The Quran: Relationship between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity In relation to Islam, the position of Judaism and Christianity is both similar and different. The Jewish and Christian scriptures do not mention Muslims; they are not the subject of any doctrine or jurisdiction. However, the Church’s position toward Muslim differs from its position toward Jews. Christianity does not proclaim that it was the True Islam (Verus Islam); it did not drive the Muslims out of Mecca by forbidding them to reside there. Unlike Jewry, deprived of any political power, Christians and Muslims built empires that were in constant confrontation. Islam, on the contrary, places Judaism and Christianity in an identical position. Islam is considered as the â€Å"True Judaism† and the â€Å"True Christianity.† Jews and Christians are mentioned frequently in the Quran, the Sunna, and in biographies of the prophet (Dawood, 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These normative writings formulate a doctrine concerning them, and a theological jurisdiction which they must be forced to abide by, as an obligation imposed on them. It is this Judeo-Christian bonding which makes it impossible for Christians to achieve a reconciliation with Islam against Israel. However, reconciliation with Israel involves rejecting the theologies of substitution, abandonment of jihad, and liberation from dhimmitude. Hence, the road to freedom for Christians is contrary to the knavery of dhimmi clergies. In addition, the doctrinal position concerning the Jews and Christians, inscribed in the Islamic revelation, unlike the Bible, constitutes the key obstacle to rapprochement with Islam. The Quran: Marriage, Divorce, and Polygamy Rules regarding marriage and divorce are highlighted in the Quran, and prophet Muhammad also reported that a Muslim has to perfect half of his religion when he marries. The Quran states that, God created mankind from one living soul, and from that soul a spouse was created so that man might find comfort in her (Quran 4:1; 7:107). Therefore, asceticism is not encouraged. Marriage was intended to be permanent. Muhammad condemned men and women who frequently changed marriage partners and described divorce as the most detestable of all lawful things before God. However, provisions were made for divorce (Qura n 2: 228-241). Traditionally, a husband could divorce a wife by reciting before witnesses three times, â€Å"I divorce you.† In modern Islamic societies, various laws prescribe the rules of divorce and the benefits of each party. A major stereotype of Islam is that it allows a man to have many wives. It is true that the Quran permits a man to have up to four wives under certain conditions. It is a conditional permission and not a matter of necessity. A prerequisite of polygamy is for the wives to have the same rights and privileges. The Quran insists that they be treated justly (4:3; 4:129). Although the Quran and tradition demonstrate that polygamy was permitted but practiced, it is not the rule of thumb in modern times. Many Islamic nations prohibit it; other control polygamy. The social and economic conditions of an individual affect his/her choice to have only one wife. The Quran: Justification of Jihad Jihad, in the Holy Quran, is declared warfare against injustice and o ppression; which can only be carried out by an organized Muslim state. As such, an Islamic State has been given permission to fight against persecution in the society. The taking of any human life is not allowed, and this is stated in the Holy Quran. â€Å"Whosoever killed a single soul, except being a punishment for murder-is as if he killed the whole of mankind† (Quran 5:32).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Quran: Treatment and Status of Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, strict laws and rules that are derived from the Holy Quran govern the term Jihad. These teachings were ascribed to the Prophet Muhammad. In addition to Jihad’s strict laws and rules, there are moral and ethical teachings regarding them, as well. These teachings are based on fundamental teachings of the Holy Quran. Conclusion Quran, like the Christian Bible, depicts morality to its followers. Rules and guideli nes are illustrated in an attempt to realize peaceful co-existence among the Muslim and Non-Muslim communities in the society. Occasionally, Non-Muslim communities have associated Islamic tradition and culture with war. This is the common stereotypes especially on the minimal understanding on Jihad’s rules and guidelines. As such, Quran focuses on spiritual and social harmony in the society. Reference Dawood, N. J. (2004). The Koran. London: Penguin. This essay on The Quran: Treatment and Status of Women was written and submitted by user Anna Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

General Aviation Marketing and Management

General Aviation Marketing and Management Summary of Chapter 7General Aviation Marketing and Management Second Edition by Alexander T Wells and Bruce D. ChadbourneChapter 7 SummaryCAV 650Toni R. BurgosMarketing ResearchThrough research, management can reduce uncertainty in decision making. It is an integral part of any management information system that provides a flow of inputs useful in marketing decision. Marketing research is the systematic process of gathering, recording, analyzing, and utilizing relevant information to aid in marketing decision making. -Marketing research has a broad scope including various types of studies, these studies can be grouped into four major categories. (1) market measurement studies, (2) marketing mix studies, (3) studies of the competitive situation, and (4) studies of the uncontrollables. Market Measurement Studies: are designed to obtain quantitative data on potential demand. Concerning marketing mix studies, elements of the marketing mix are product, place, price, and promotion. Compani es study the competitive position of their own products and services.English: This is an example Likert Scale using fiv...The studies of uncontrolables are the studies of business trends, economic data, and industry statistics through the process of environmental scanning are the most widely used type of study in this category.The Marketing Research Processconsists of a series of activities: defining the problem and research objectives, designing the research, collecting the data, preparing and analyzing the data, and presenting the findings. Collecting information is too costly to allow the problem to be defined vaguely or incorrectly. At this point management needs to set the research objectives. At the end of this first step, the researcher should know (1) the current situation. (2) the nature of the problem; and (3) the specific question or questions the research will be designed to answer. Secondary Data consists of information that already exists, having been collected for ano ther purpose. Internal Secondary Data is available within the company.

How Quantum Computers Work

How Quantum Computers Work A quantum computer is a computer design which uses the principles of quantum physics to increase the computational power beyond what is attainable by a traditional computer. Quantum computers have been built on a small scale and work continues to upgrade them to more practical models. How Computers Work Computers function by storing data in a binary number format, which result in a series of 1s 0s retained in electronic components such as transistors. Each component of computer memory is called a bit and can be manipulated through the steps of Boolean logic so that the bits change, based upon the algorithms applied by the computer program, between the 1 and 0 modes (sometimes referred to as on and off). How a Quantum Computer Would Work A quantum computer, on the other hand, would store information as either a 1, 0, or a quantum superposition of the two states. Such a quantum bit allows for far greater flexibility than the binary system. Specifically, a quantum computer would be able to perform calculations on a far greater order of magnitude than traditional computers ... a concept which has serious concerns and applications in the realm of cryptography encryption. Some fear that a successful practical quantum computer would devastate the worlds financial system by ripping through their computer security encryptions, which are based on factoring large numbers that literally cannot be cracked by traditional computers within the lifespan of the universe. A quantum computer, on the other hand, could factor the numbers in a reasonable period of time. To understand how this speeds things up, consider this example. If the qubit is in a superposition of the 1 state and the 0 state, and it performed a calculation with another qubit in the same superposition, then one calculation actually obtains 4 results: a 1/1 result, a 1/0 result, a 0/1 result, and a 0/0 result. This is a result of the mathematics applied to a quantum system when in a state of decoherence, which lasts while it is in a superposition of states until it collapses down into one state. The ability of a quantum computer to perform multiple computations simultaneously (or in parallel, in computer terms) is called quantum parallelism. The exact physical mechanism at work within the quantum computer is somewhat theoretically complex and intuitively disturbing. Generally, it is explained in terms of the multi-world interpretation of quantum physics, wherein the computer performs calculations not only in our universe but also in other universes simultaneously, while the various qubits are in a state of quantum decoherence. While this sounds far-fetched, the multi-world interpretation has been shown to make predictions which match experimental results. History of Quantum Computing Quantum computing tends to trace its roots back to a 1959 speech by Richard P. Feynman in which he spoke about the effects of miniaturization, including the idea of exploiting quantum effects to create more powerful computers. This speech is also generally considered the starting point of nanotechnology. Of course, before the quantum effects of computing could be realized, scientists and engineers had to more fully develop the technology of traditional computers. This is why, for many years, there was little direct progress, nor even interest, in the idea of making Feynmans suggestions into reality. In 1985, the idea of quantum logic gates was put forth by the University of Oxfords David Deutsch, as a means of harnessing the quantum realm inside a computer. In fact, Deutschs paper on the subject showed that any physical process could be modeled by a quantum computer. Nearly a decade later, in 1994, ATTs Peter Shor devised an algorithm that could use only 6 qubits to perform some basic factorizations ... more cubits the more complex the numbers requiring factorization became, of course. A handful of quantum computers has been built. The first, a 2-qubit quantum computer in 1998, could perform trivial calculations before losing decoherence after a few nanoseconds. In 2000, teams successfully built both a 4-qubit and a 7-qubit quantum computer. Research on the subject is still very active, although some physicists and engineers express concerns over the difficulties involved in upscaling these experiments to full-scale computing systems. Still, the success of these initial steps does show that the fundamental theory is sound. Difficulties With Quantum Computers The quantum computers main drawback is the same as its strength: quantum decoherence. The qubit calculations are performed while the quantum wave function is in a state of superposition between states, which is what allows it to perform the calculations using both 1 0 states simultaneously. However, when a measurement of any type is made to a quantum system, decoherence breaks down and the wave function collapses into a single state. Therefore, the computer has to somehow continue making these calculations without having any measurements made until the proper time, when it can then drop out of the quantum state, have a measurement taken to read its result, which then gets passed on to the rest of the system. The physical requirements of manipulating a system on this scale are considerable, touching on the realms of superconductors, nanotechnology, and quantum electronics, as well as others. Each of these is itself a sophisticated field which is still being fully developed, so trying to merge them all together into a functional quantum computer is a task which I dont particularly envy anyone ... except for the person who finally succeeds.

Performance against the Project baseline Research Paper

Performance against the Project baseline - Research Paper Example This involves Earned Value Management technique is employed to measure the project performance against the planned baselines and to forecast any deviations from the planned activities to bring project variations within acceptable limits. Planned expenditures, budgeted expenditures and actual expenditures form the basis of Earned Value calculations. In 1960’s, US Navy formally began to use this technique in their projects. It was later made more user-friendly based on define set criteria by National Defense Industrial Association to effectively employ this technique in public and private sector projects (David, 1994). Earned Value Management is the most commonly employed method, which relates project scope, cost and schedule for measurement of project performance. The most common metrics used to measure the project performance are Cost Variance (CV) and Schedule Variance (SV). The variance in CV and SV decreases as more work is accomplished towards project completion. Also values of acceptable variances in CV and SV can be determined early during the project planning (Charles, 2010). 3.4 Cost Variance (CV). Difference in Earned value (EV) and actual cost (AC) gives the cost variance. At the project completion, cost variance can be calculated as difference of Budget at Completion (BAC) and Actual Cost incurred. 3.6 Cost Performance Index (CPI). Cost Performance Index (CPI) is a ratio of Earned Value (EV) to Actual Cost (AC). CPI value is a cost efficiency indicator showing either a cost overrun (less than 1) or a cost underrun (greater than 1). 4.1 Project Baseline. Earned Value Techniques relate Earned Value against the project baselines. More accurate the project baseline is, more beneficial would be outcome of earned value management, Thus, cost overruns would occur if project is under budgeted and scope creep would occur if project scope baseline is not

Inter-Global Medicare Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Inter-Global Medicare Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Any business venture demands critical economic analysis for its survival amidst the other numerous entrepreneurs in the same firm. In that respect, Inter-Global Medicare main goal is to provide the best prescription medication to our clients’ at the most affordable prices in the market. The sale of the drug would be at reduced prices through careful maintenance of efficiency in the operations of the firm and by aiming specific market segments especially those who pay for the prescribed medicine themselves. By focusing on this segment the firm will avoid inefficiencies and operational disruptions that are characterized by unsteady cash-flows and hence eliminate supply shortages. Inter-global Medicare plans to operate from one store that is to serve both mail order customers and those who visit the facility in person. The firm seeks to thrive through employment of friendlier and skilled staff, which in combination with our great prices is set to propel the repeat business that w ill be reliable. The firm expects that as the price of medication continues to rise, Inter-Global Medicare will be appealing more and more the clientele sense of value, affordability and convenience. The firm's advertising, mainly through the ads in magazines targeted by a relatively greater crowd, will be aiming at those who seek to save money on high price but necessary and regular expenses. Inter-global Medicare entrepreneurs will be led by Experienced PHD holder in the field of medicine and with an accumulated wealth of experience in relevant field not less than five years. The cost of the entire venture will be minimized by maintaining just a few pharmacists and filling the remaining gaps with pharmaceutical technicians. In so doing, the firm expects to reach profitability by third year and will generate substantial sales by mid of the same year. 1.1. Background Information The central issue of focus in this proposal is to establish the best remedial medication against the mena ce of obesity. This problem has been gaining momentum of the past centuries and is headed to ruin the better part of the coming generation. The increased nutritional imbalances and inadequate physical exercise has been blamed on this health matter. Nevertheless there are other unidentified factors attached to it that has not been given critical analysis so as to come up with an all round measure. It has also been noted that some of the medical measures that had been developed to curb this condition have failed woefully in different ways. Some of them like the fenfluramine and phentermine were found to have overwhelming side effects and this rendered them ineffective to combat the threat of obesity in the society (King & Nuala 67-72). Some other medical discoveries like Thyroid extract was tried but its effects on the bones, muscles and the heart were prohibitively dangerous leading to a consequential medical gap. It is out of this need by the society that Inter-Global Medicare entre preneurs has invested resources to come up with an obesity treatment that would see the menace reduce by more than half by the year 2030. 1.2.0. Population Affected Obesity is taking toll among the young generation and partially among women. This group of people is highly exposed to this condition due to their uncontrolled feeding habits, minimal or no exercise. The global statistics presents a high population of the young

Achieving the American Dream Essay Example for Free

Achieving the American Dream Essay One would think that purchasing your first home would be a very fascinating experience; after all it is one of the most major purchases of your entire life. In America, home ownership ties in with the American Dream and the spirit of working hard to one day earn through hard work a home with a white picket fence. My husband and I felt that it was time for us to reward ourselves for all the hard work we have been putting in over the years by purchasing our first home, which was well overdue. I quickly learned the process of purchasing your first home can be very frustrating and stressful. However, if you survive the home buying process the reward is priceless once you move into your â€Å"American Dream.† Before we started shopping for our home we both agreed it was important for us to have a mortgage loan preapproval. Although I assumed that obtaining a preapproval would be the most challenging part of purchasing a home, it happened to be the easiest part of the entire process. I was able to be preapproved by my bank over the phone in a matter of minutes pending certain guidelines. Acquiring the preapproval was so easy I was sure the remainder of the process would be effortless. I was startled to learn that I would be faced with many obstacles to overcome in order to complete the process of buying our first home. Next, it was time for us to shop for a new home. I was excited and anxious to shop for our first home. Unfortunately, I was unaware that the housing market in Houston, TX was flourishing and it was very competitive. On my quest for the perfect house, I looked at several beautiful homes. I found one in particular that I liked, and it was a foreclosure. I decided to place an offer on the home. However, only a few days later I was informed that I was outbid by another buyer. Since this was the first home I placed an offer on I did not foresee the outbidding being a major issue. We decided that we would continue our search for our â€Å"American Dream.† The next home I fell in love with was a model home; however, I soon learned that it was a short sale. A short sale can take up to six months to be approved, and I did not have time for that ,because, my existing lease had already expired on my rental home. I begin to work with a realtor who was also an investor. She had a lovely home for sale in a beautiful neighborhood. I extended an offer to her on the home, and she said that she would need to talk it over with her husband. She later contacted me to advise me that she had agreed to accept a cash offer on the home. I continued to look for the perfect home and was not having much success. I soon discovered that the realtor had a new house on the market in the same beautiful neighborhood. I contacted her right away and made an offer on the house. Once she accepted my offer we signed and faxed the contract to the bank right away. The realtor and I both agreed on a closing date which was 45 days from the date we signed the contract. At this point, it was time to make sure that we met all of underwriting guidelines. It was not only important for us to meet all of the bank stipulations but the actual house had to meet bank standards in order for the bank to approve the loan. Shortly, after faxing the contract over to the bank I was contacted by my loan processor, her name was Emily. She told me everything that I needed and I emailed Emily the requirements within 24 hours. The only thing that was pending to my knowledge was the appraisal on the house which I had completed within one week. After, I faxed over the appraisal I did not hear from Emily until three days before my 1st closing date. Emily was contacting me to make me aware that the underwriting department was requesting that a 2nd appraisal on the home be completed before we could close on the home. I was very disappointed that three weeks had passed and I heard nothing from her and now three days before closing she was contacting me to relay this information to me. However, I was not about to give up. I got the appraisal and sent it to the bank, only to have Emily contact me a few days later to tell me that the underwriter was now requiring a termite inspection. We were already well past our 1st closing date and quickly approaching our 2nd closing date, I contacted a termite inspector and had the termite inspection performed right away. Emily then informed me that she was sending all of our information over to the title company so they can arrange a closing date. She gave me the title company’s contact information and told me to contact the title company for my closing date. I contacted the title company and was very surprised to discover I could not close on the house until the seller returned from the Bahamas because she needed to sign a release form. The seller returned from the Bahamas two weeks later and I finally got a real closing date which was October 18, 2012. Finally, I said to my husband we have an actual closing date. I was beyond excited. My husband and I went to the title company on October 18, 2012 to finalize our purchase on our home. I can’t explain the feeling we felt as we signed the mortgage papers on our new home. After signing what felt like a million papers we got the keys to our new home. When we got in our car we had to take a moment to give thanks to God, for not only allowing us to purchase our first home but for letting our first home be our dream home. Why was the process so difficult and complicated to purchase my first home? I can imagine it was due to the housing crisis in America. I believe that banks require so much now because they are trying to prevent homebuyers from losing their homes to foreclosure. They are making every effort to make sure that homebuyers are not overpaying for homes and making every attempt to ensure that homebuyers can afford the homes. Although, I was very frustrated I want prospective homebuyers to know that it was worth all of the trouble. I think homeownership is the American dream and encourage everyone to work towards achieving the American dream by not giving up or becoming frustrated. I think it is very important for prospective homebuyers to focus on the final prize-homeownership. Reflections Paragraph The step I found to be the easiest was major revisions. It was easy because I was able to tie in my conclusion with my introductory paragraph. I am hoping that will grab the readers’ attention and keep them more interested in my essay. The step I found the hardest was proofreading. While I was proofreading I noticed that many sentences did not sound correct. I did my best to try and correct the sentences that did not sound correct. I learned that writing by revising your essay allows you the opportunity to make your essay even better. I still have many errors for improvement; however, I am confident that with practice I will become a great writer.

Antigone: A Woman Who Believes In The Power Of Women :: essays research papers

A Woman Who Believes In The Power of Women Scene I: The Trial Introduction At the law firm of Theban Associates, one of the lead partners is Antigone, she is a hard worker whose intentions usually consist of reaching a compromise between the government and her client. As a defense attorney, her line of work is quite demanding and difficult since she is a female working in a male dominated world. While being placed in this position, Antigone is able to appreciate how difficult things are for a woman in society, even in today's world. She realizes that regardless of the anti-gender bias laws that have been passed, society still views women as baby-machines and they are constantly degraded and viewed as inferior to man. Antigone's new client, Medea, is responsible for the brutal murder of her two children and of her husband's new bride to be. Although Antigone disagrees with Medea's actions, she takes the case because she feels that it is a way to show the world that even today, in the new millennium, women's actions are still measured harsher than those of men. In other words, Medea claims that she took drastic measures in order to retaliate against her husband for leaving her alone in the world, but it was the only way that she could truly finish him and make everyone think about they way the world is run today. When the case is taken to trial Antigone takes an excessive amount of criticism and beating from her friends and colleagues as well as the media. She is said to be inhuman and her prerogative to why she has chosen to defend this demand woman, Medea is questioned. In addition, her place in society as a prominent "female" attorney is disregarded because her moral and ethical values are questioned. Yet, despite these terrible things, Antigone holds her head up high and walks into the courtroom determined to defend her client as best she could. In this courtroom it is inexplicable to anyone how somebody could murder her own children to teach her husband a lesson, every individual has forgotten their oath and placed their own personal opinion into their work, including Judge Good. Before starting, Antigone turns to the Chorus for moral support. In reply they tell her to do her job as she has in the past, and to remember what is the true reason why she has decided to take this case.

Ship management perspective

Ship management (KLSM) is a ship management company located in Singapore and involved in the technical management of a fleet of 30 container and tanker ships. It is a fully owned subsidiary company of K Line in Japan and all the ships managed by KLSM are owned by its parent company in Japan. Technical management activities include provision on crew members to man the ships, implementing and malntalnlng safety and quality management systems on board the vessels, maintaining safe and satisfactory vessel operations and maintenance of hull nd machinery on board the ship.The company is involved in procurement and supply management of various goods and services including stores, spare parts, bunkers, food and beverage, manpower etc. One of the major functions of the company Is the maintenance of hull and machinery of vessels under Its management, Technical superintendents are responsible for the maintenance matters on board their controlled ships whilst managers are responsible for formula ting and overseeing policy making and implementation. A major part of maintenance involves the supply of stores and spare parts to the vessel.Each ship is fitted on board with a large number of complex equipments and machinery manufactured by hundreds of different makers and thus spare parts lists for all the equipment and machinery on board, runs into hundreds of pages. With the life of a ship being 20-30 years, several of these equipments/parts become obsolete and even OEM's close shop during such course. Procuring spares and delivering these on board ships (in good time) that are trading worldwide thus becomes a great challenge for the technical department and in turn for the company.Presently the responslblllty of procuring spare parts for each vessel Iles with the echnical superintendent In charge of the vessel. An admin lady assists him in this work. The technical superintendent, who is responsible for the smooth running of the vessel and its machinery, spends a majority of hi s time in such procurement and supply issues. It might be a good idea to outsource this function to another department or to another organization altogether.This would free up the technical superintendents time to work on more critical operational and technical issues where his expertise might be better utlllzed and also perhaps make the procurement and upply management more efficient and organized. The decision to make or buy could be critical and various factors must be considered. Transaction Cost Economics is a central theory in Strategy. It addresses questions about why firms exist, how firms define their boundaries, and how they must govern operations. Transaction cost economics suggests that the costs and difficulties production) and sometimes markets as an economic governance structure.An intermediate mechanism, called hybrid or relational, between these two extremes has recently emerged as a new governance structure. Coase (1937) defined the term transaction costs by asking two fundamental questions: â€Å"Why is there any organization? † and â€Å"Why isn't all production carried out by one big firm? † Reason is that there are transaction costs that determine what is done in the market, with price as the regulating mechanism, and what is done inside the firm, with bureaucracy as the regulator.Within this framework, all transactions carry a cost, either as an external market transaction cost or an internal bureaucratic transaction cost. The limit to the size of the firm is reached when the costs of rganizing additional transactions within the firm exceed the costs of carrying out the same transactions through the market (Coase 1993). The most important market transaction costs are the cost of determining the price of a product or service, the cost of negotiating and creating the contract, and the cost of information failure.Williamson (1975, 1985) extended the argument by noting that two behavioral assumptions are critical. First, indivi duals in an organization are boundedly rational. Meaning individuals in an organization have the ability to make rational decisions ased on the limited knowledge they possess. This limitation makes it impossible to structure perfect contracts, and any contract will be incomplete even if all information is available. Second, individuals behave opportunistically. This means that they will act in self interest with guile. Organizing the vertical chain is an important part of business strategy.Deciding which parts of the vertical chain must be produced in-house and which parts must be out-sourced, is an important strategic decision defined by the vertical boundaries of the firm. This decision is simply called the â€Å"make or buy' decision. The company must compare the benefits and costs of in-house production versus using the market. Traditionally such procurement and supply function has been carried out by technical superintendents so they will always be fully aware of the maintenan ce requirements and status of spare parts and repair.Completely outsourcing the function to another organization could result in the loss of control and loss of critical business contacts in the marketplace. Also then, reliance on a third party for such procurement and supply could be detrimental to the performance of the vessel in ase of non performance or poor performance which might be realized only after the problem occurs. Perhaps a better way to manage the sourcing and supply of spare parts on board ships would be to invest in an integrated software solution linking planned maintenance systems, spare part requisitions and approved vendor database worldwide, to optimize supply management.The procurement and supply part of the can work closely with the technical department or be a subset of the technical department itself. As the maintenance system will be linked to the spare part equisition and supply system, the technical superintendent retains overview and control on this asp ect at all times whilst being able to focus on his primary responsibilities. All planned maintenance is scheduled into the system and spare parts required to perform each maintenance item will also be part of the database.Standard inventory of parts must always be maintained and a requisition for supply of these will be automatically generated for the superintendent's approval as and when a planned maintenance Job is recorded on board the vessel system as complete. The age of the internet and speed of communication between ship and shore as well as amongst parties ashore has changed drastically. Automated information interchange and highly intelligible databases have made online purchasing and inventory maintenance very easy and efficient.Vendor approval and management could be an integrated part of the software solution and any requirement of spare parts supply would come with a recommended approved vendor list which could be targeted for action. A variety of sourcing strategies co uld then be used for procurement of spares onsidering the technical complexity, lead time necessary, logistical issues etc. To help in formulation of appropriate sourcing and competitive strategies, KralJic (1983) developed a simple positioning matrix based on these factors.This model could be applied by the purchasing department for procuring different spare parts with different levels of complexity in terms of source, logistics, coat, lead time etc. Pareto's 80/20 rule may be applied to classify spares into A, B and C class items and determine strategic positioning and risk. Environmental and ethical issues are of growing concern as regulators continue to ighten the already stringent regulations for garbage disposal at sea. All supplies that come on board the vessel packaged substantially and this eventually generates waste on board.A conscious effort needs to be made to push suppliers to use more eco friendly and bio degradable packaging and to have the vessel return all unwanted packaging back to the supplier for safe and eco friendly disposal ashore rather than disposal at sea or incineration. Instructions must be sent to all Vendor management and approvals must include vetting for compliance with standards like ISO 14001 etc. Another important supply management area for the company is bunkers. Fuel oil, diesel oil and lube oils supplied on board vessels are referred to as bunkers and more commonly the work bunkers denotes fuel oil.Challenges faced here are mainly to do with availability, pricing and quality of bunkers stemmed. Since bunkers are supplied worldwide, optimal ports are identified for good quality and reasonably priced procurement. Several vendors are used at various ports worldwide and price negotiations are tough with little guarantee of quality at several of these. Bunker for vessel management and could be integrated with same. Such bunker supply modules help in optimizing bunker stems and also include capability of having an approved vend or database.Hedging against bunker price volatility is another tool that must be considered as the price of fuel oil in the recent times has shown extreme volatility in the short term. Experts must be employed to carry out this function in house or alternatively hedge incorporated supply contracts must be negotiated with standard supplier groups who have the capability to supply bunkers t most major and frequent bunkering ports around the world. Such activity would effectively reduce the risk of exposure to extreme price fluctuations. Besides supply management of goods, the company also faces challenges in the supply management of services.All ships need to be manned with a suitable regulated complement of officers and crew members. These crew members are contracted for a certain period and proper rotation of staff upon completion of contracts poses a logistical challenge. The supply of manpower to each vessel involves a rostering and planning process which becomes highly complex du e to a arge gamut of regulatory requirements on competency, standards and other facets. The crew manning department struggles to have the right people on board the right vessel at the right time and there is a constant struggle with retention rates as well.Resumes of all crew members are manually updated and maintained and the rostering as well is performed manually. An electronic system or module to cover this function will be extremely significant in increasing the departments efficiency and eventually benefit the overall organization as retention rates increase and crew erformance is enhanced. The strategic supply wheel (Cousins, 2006) suggests that it is imperative to maintain an alignment of corporate and supply policies. There seems to be good alignment of policies within KLSM and as a small company with less than 50 staff, this is relatively easy to implement.With acute cost focus without compromise on quality of critical items, the strategy is uniform and understood by all i nvolved. Overall KLSM deals with several unique supply chain management challenges because of the nature of the company's functions and ships trading worldwide. An overall efficient supply management strategy implemented at all levels would become almost imperative for successful achievement of the company's goals which is primarily safe, efficient and cost effective maintenance of the ships and their operations.A comprehensive software solution to replace a lot of the traditional manual work in relation to supply management will certainly help optimize outcome, considerably improve cost efficiency and mitigate risk inherent in the manual system. Careful selection from available range of software in the marketplace will need to be one and suitable packages compared before making the important decision of which product to use.Training of all staff involved with operations both on board ships and ashore will then become necessary to fully exploit the software's capabilities and achiev e desired results.

Edgar Degas and his Passion for Ballet

Ballet was considered as a classical form of art. The beauty of this dance type was considered timeless and unchanging. It was considered as an art in itself. The movement of the ballerinas represented years of training. Routines were rehearsed until they were perfected. It was an art form that entailed perfection and it was all for a night’s glory for a stage performance.The movement of the ballet dancers entailed specific rhythm; it required them to have undeniable grace and unity with the music. This made dance, for whatever genre or form, a beautiful piece of performance art. The discipline that was attributed to ballet was something that was unique to this dance form.Ballet was a dance that was considered one of the most exquisite. It had existed for centuries and was depicted in numerous art works. Strength and grace characterized this art form. The experience of watching ballet was the actual experience of art. When dance was depicted in paintings, sculptures or photogr aphy, it would represent something that was beyond beautiful. It was considered as the capturing of beauty on the canvass or the photograph. It was art depicted in art.Edgar Degas represented the art of depicting art in the best possible manner. He was the master of ballerina paintings. Dance had been a subject of visual artwork but it was Degas who represented this art form in one of the most exquisite manner. The portrayal of ballet in painting was uniquely captivating when it was expressed in the Impressionist art period.The movement of the brushes complemented the actual movement of the dancers as they were being observed and painting. Visible brush strokes made exemplified the beauty of ballet. From their costumes, to the forms of their bodies, to the graceful movements they exuded, Impressionism and ballet could be considered as a perfect match. Emphasis on movement was something that was definitive of both the art movement and the dance form.ImpressionismImpressionism was a m ovement that was seen in the 19th century wherein artists chose subjects according to what they ordinarily see around them. Traditional impressionism was interested in depicting the everyday scenes of the nearby streets, a quiet meadow or countryside or the look of the cafes and theaters (Hubbard 33).Most artists in this movement were known for completing a piece of art in a single session. Movements of other periods usually took days, weeks, months and even years in order to complete their art. Some would make sketches and then go back to the studio to complete the picture.Impressionists look at their subjects as photographers would look at theirs. Impressionist painters see daylight to play a significant role in their art and they try to capture on canvas what was happening in a fleeting moment of time before it disappeared (Hubbard 33).In order to accomplish the effect of light and how it reflected in objects, they focus on shading and lighting effects rather than the solidness o f the shapes of their subjects. Impressionists were distinguished by their obvious brush strokes and indistinct outlines of their subjects, whether they may be people, trees or mountains.Brush strokes reflect how Impressionist painters had to work very swiftly. Oil painting was usually done by putting small dabs in the canvass and by using short strokes with little color mixing.   These bright and frequently unmixed colors develop into blended shades when the painting was dried and finish (Hubbard 33).Edouard Manet was one of the famous impressionism artists who focused on landscape paintings. Following the ideals of impressionism, he believed that art must be portrayed in what the artist actually saw in that particular moment in time. French impressionists that included Claude Monet, Camille Pissaro and Edgar Degas painted different things but worked with similar goals in mind. Degas focused on painting dancers and was successful in capturing the beauty of their movement.The Arti st of DancersBackgroundDegas (1834-1917) considered himself as an anti-impressionist because he had a misanthropic nature and had the constant tendency to emphasize (Novotny 199). He prioritized the time he spent in finishing his drawings. He wanted them to be as real as possible however, the style that his brush strokes and colors could not separate him from being classified in the Impressionist movement.

Yet More Testing Center Problems for June 6 SAT

Yet More Testing Center Problems for June 6 SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips We've written at length about the June 6 SAT misprint snafuand SAT testing center problems. Our SAT experts who took the SAT on June 6th noted major problems in how the test was administered, leading to potential imbalances in test performance and equality. As we suspected, these problems extend throughout the country. A reader wrote in with his terrible College Board testing experience with his son. The belowletter was directly sent to the College Board as a complaint: My son took a SAT Subject test on June 6, 2015 at UC Irvine in Irvine, California. The test was to be an hour. I assumed the total time he would be there would be no more than 2 hours. On the testing day, there were hundreds of students there. They were testing for all subject tests plus the SAT itself. Checking in the students was a nightmare. Initially, there was only one extremely long line of students. I dropped my son off and saw him get in line. Since we arrived early, he was behind approximately 50-75 students. When I drove by 30 minutes later, I was shocked to see the line at least five times longer and my son still standing in line. At that point, I thought there was nothing I could do, and it wasn't until FOUR hours later when he texted me that he had finished, that I discovered what he had to go through. After he waited an hour in line waiting to be checked in, he said suddenly many students started running to another building. He then heard someone yell that SAT subject test takers need to go to another building. By the time he ran over to the other building, he then was at the back of a new long line. He said nowhere were signs posted or people giving instructions to the students as they arrived as to where they should go to check in. Once he got into the room for the test about an hour later, he said he sat through 40 minutes of instructions, including instructions about calculators and having the calculators physically examined. My son was not there to take a math subject test, but a history test. Yet he had to sit through lengthy instructions that did not even pertain to his test. So after being dropped off to take the test, he was not able to begin the test until hours later. That alone would make a student not only tired but even more apprehensive. The desk he had to sit in had a very small surface area, less than the size of a sheet of notebook paper. He said it wasn't even enough room for his scantron and his arm had to hang off the side. He had to put his test booklet in his lap, without anything underneath it to provide a harder writing surface. When I asked how he marked in his test booklet (for marking eliminations and notes), he said he had to do it in his lap and it was extremely uncomfortable. My son said he didn't want to take any further subject tests because of the experience. I tried to assure him that we will find a different test center next time, but I have no way of knowing what he might encounter elsewhere and it could be even worse. We have heard the many stories of proctors listening to audible music while the test is being administered, issues with the correct time being given, noise from outside not being addressed and other unfair conditions. At this point, we don't yet know how he fared on the SAT subject test he took. But regardless, these testing conditions and disorganization are unfair and completely unacceptable. We expected the process to be professional, especially since the College Board has been administering these tests for many years. It's very likely that this reader's son was severely disadvantaged compared to students at other, better-run SAT testing centers in the country. If the College Board is serious about reducing inequality in testing, one place it needs to look is testing conditions as test centers. Have a similar experience? Share it as a comment below. When you take the SAT or ACT, make sure you know your rights. Speak up if any of these problems happen to you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Where Should I Take the SAT

Where Should I Take the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips While you're doing a lot to prepare for the SAT, you probably haven't given that much thought to the physical location of your test. However, that location could definitely affect your performance. Think about it – have you ever had to take a test in a cramped classroom or in room without air conditioning? It probably didn’t exactly help your performance. So why would you take the SAT in sub-optimal conditions? Read our guide to choosing the best possible test location so you can do as well as possible. Two Search Methods Before we worry about choosing locations, you have to find out what those locations are. We will go over two methods to finding SAT locations – one that’s easy to use but less informative, and one that’s harder to use but contains more info. Method One: College Board’s Test Center Search College Board’s Test Center Search lets you look up test centers by state or by city. Depending on where you live, this may give you all you need to know. The Test Center Search page allows you to search for SAT locations by state and city. Image via College Board. For example, I’m from Utah. In the entire state, there are just nine testing locations for the next SAT, mostly at area colleges. So just seeing these nine locations will give me all I need to know. Likely any student in Utah will have just one or possibly two options based on location. Some of Utah's nine SAT locations. Image via College Board. However, if you live in a state like Massachusetts with dozens of potential test sites, you may want to do a more fine-grained search. You can search by city, but remember to look up towns and suburbs near to you to see the most options. If you’re in a state with tons of choices, the second search method, which allows you to look by zip code, will likely be easiest†¦ Method Two: Begin to Register for the SAT For whatever reason, College Board’s test location search within its registration process is more informative than its basic test search option. So to get access to the most efficient SAT location search, you have to go through the SAT registration system. Move through College Board's SAT registration process until you get to step 3, "Select Test Center." Image via College Board. You can enter your zip code (rather than search by only city or state) and see the options closest to you, including neighboring cities. This is much more efficient if you there are a lot of potential test sites near you. Image via College Board. You can also see who still has seats available for the test, which is important info if you know you need to register soon. You don't have to complete the registration to use the search tool. Also, live close to a state line? Consider options over the border, especially if rules/laws are different (some states require scores be reported to talent searches). Choosing a Test Site Now that you know how to search for a test center, you probably fall into one of two camps. In the first camp, let’s call it the Utah camp, your test location is entirely determined by proximity. This means that you have only one or two options based on where you live, so unfortunately you can’t optimize your test center beyond location. But if you’re in the second camp, let's call it the Massachusetts camp, you have many choices. So how do you make sure you pick the best possible test center? Your choice of test location depends on a few important factors, which we will cover in order of importance. How Far Do You Have to Travel? Basically, the closer you live to a test center, the better. You don’t want to risk having a morning-of traffic or weather crisis. Many students test at their high school if they can, but if you live far away from your high school, it might actually be better to see if there is a location closer to your home. Also consider that parking and drop-off around the center is likely going to be congested on the morning of the test, and plan accordingly. Add at least 10 minutes onto predicted travel time to account for this. Are You Familiar With the Test Site? Once you’re inside the center, you’ll be less stressed if you know how to get around. For example, if you’re testing in your own high school, even if you’re headed to a room you’ve never had a class in, you’ll likely be able to find it easily. However, if you’re in a university building and have to go looking for the room, or take a wrong turn, that could add unnecessary stress the morning of the SAT. If you’re heading to a new building on test day, either scope it out before test day or arrive early to give you ample time to get to your test room. Getting lost and ending up in a lonely hallway that looks like something out of The Shining probably won't help your test day jitters. Who's Going to Be There? Don't just think about where you're taking the SAT. Think about who is going to be there, too. If you’re taking the SAT at your high school or at a location with students from your high school, that could be good or bad, depending on your personality. Will seeing friends or classmates relax you, or stress you out? For some students, seeing their friends could help calm them down. Seeing familiar faces and having a moment to joke around before the test could alleviate stress. But for others, seeing their classmates could remind them of their competition for college and make them more stressed. Or seeing friends could be more distracting than helpful. There’s no right answer here. Just take your personal preferences into account. If you know that having your friends around will help, don’t worry about heading to your local high school. If you think it will be stressful for you, consider going to a test center more out of the way so you can focus better on the test. Any Test Center Problems? You should also consider some of the more nitty-gritty details of the testing center before making your choice. There are many factors that could make the test center itself good or bad. Are there windows in the test rooms? For some students, sitting by a window is distracting. For others, being in a windowless room feels suffocating. Are there heating/cooling issues? Taking a test in the sweltering June heat without A.C. would be miserable, but so would taking it in a freezing room in November. If you’re signed up for a winter or summer test date, in particular, make sure you’re in a room with decent temperature control. Any there issues like nearby construction? For example, if there is a noisy construction project going on by your high school, you might elect to go to farther location to make sure your test center will be quiet. Finally, think about desk size. Generally, the more space, the better, because you’ll be balancing the test book and the answer sheet. This can be tricky on those tiny desks some college rooms have. If you’re sensitive about your work space, try and sneak a peak at the test room before you sign up. Should I Just Test at My High School? After reading through all these possible factors, you might be thinking you should just test at your high school, since you know the most about it. For many students, this is a great option. Make sure to consider the following factors, though. Will familiar faces distract you? Like we discussed above, for some students, seeing friends and classmates on test day can be stressful. If you would prefer to be with a crowd of strangers, look into different locations. Is there a closer location you could go? Keep in mind the Saturday morning SAT commute is typically earlier than your high school commute. There might be unexpected traffic and parking issues at the school. If your high school is a ways away, see if there are closer testing locations. Are there known issues with your high school, like small desks or a nearby construction project? If anything about your high school is distracting for you, think about other locations. Finally, do you tend to lose focus in environments you’re used to? Some people prefer the â€Å"blank slate† environment of a new testing center. Others like being in familiar environments for stressful, high-stakes testing. If none of the above are true, your high school could be the best option since you’re familiar with the location. You’ll be less likely to run into morning-of problems simply because you know the building well. Other Tips Be aware of test center closings. Sometimes College Board has to close test centers due to weather or other reasons. Check your email carefully in the weeks and days leading up to the test in case something happens to your location. Drive to the testing location before the morning of the test if you’ve never been there. Make sure the route you’re using (or the route Google Maps is telling you to use) is accurate and gets you there. You don’t want to risk getting lost the morning before the test. If you have a long drive the morning of, pack breakfast with you to save time. You can also listen to music in the car (relaxing music if you need to calm down, pump-up music if you want to get amped) or review some notes to get your brain in gear. (But don't review notes if you're the one driving!) Finally, recognize you can change your location after registering, but there’s a $28 fee and locations fill up the closer you get to the test. What’s Next? Not feeling 100% ready for the SAT yet? Consider reading our guide to a 1600 by our full scorer. Even if you’re not going for a perfect score, the skills described in this post will help you in your last studying push. We also recommend doing full SAT practice tests, with strict timing, to get used to SAT pacing and help build your stamina. Get access to free, official online practice tests here. Curious about what else you should do the morning of the test? Get our advice on the best routine. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

What brought about the destruction of the Berlin Wall Research Proposal

What brought about the destruction of the Berlin Wall - Research Proposal Example (Joan) Former U.S Presidents, Eisenhower and Kennedy had the U.S credibility as their agenda. For them a failure at Berlin would imply disruption in the NATO supplies and fragile American influence in the region in particular West Germany; America’s key to ensure a balance of power in the region. Thus the Berlin Wall as many say was the â€Å"flash point† of the entire crisis. (Harrison) Berlin was the foundation of power in Europe after World War II. Soviet Union which had isolated itself after the war continued to be active across the borders. Several events across the world, related or unrelated constituted to be the main casualties of the Cold War. There were a lot of battle grounds that were kept in secret and away from public eye for decades while some other epicenters like the Berlin Crisis were under considerable public scrutiny. The whole crisis began when Soviet ordered that Nikita Khrushchev the main route to Berlin Airlift of the West be blocked. Tensions continued to rise and mount for some forty years after Germany lost in the Second World War The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 in an attempt to prevent the crà ¨me da crà ¨me of East Germany from going to West Germany. It was built post World War II and inaugurated on the 16th August of the same year. The eastern sector of Berlin was under the control of the Soviet Union and the western sector under United States, France and Great Britain. Technically and officially East Germany also known as German Democratic Republic (GDR) was a communist state. It existed for around forty one years under Soviet control spanning it through the 1949-1990 eras. Soviet sector constituted all the major hubs including Friedrichshain, Kreuzberg, Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg, and Lichtenberg; it was also the biggest o the spot and the whole idea was to prevent an imminent brain drain, departure of well educated talented elite from east Germany. It also aimed at keeping at bay various spy

Soviet American Relations 1929 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Soviet American Relations 1929 - Essay Example No incident in examining a history of relations between these two powers is independent of other events that occurred prior to or during any such dialogue. To understand the context in which it is written demands an understanding of the milieu of the era. In order to facilitate this, I will first examine briefly the period prior to the Litvinov/Stimson communications from both the American and the Soviet perspective. At the culmination of World War One the United States engulfed itself in what is frequently termed as "Isolationism". The term infers that foreign policy dictated that the United States not concern itself with outside influence and concentrate instead on building a solid national base. This idea of isolation although embraced by many simply was not the case, nor was it the United State's intention during the 1920's. After World War One many American's felt that, although the Allies were victorious, the reasons for American involvement in the war were politically motivated rather than in the United State's best interest. More so, the loss of life suffered during the war intensified this feeling. Although not implicitly stated, many, at the time, felt that the United State's involvement was, in effect, to help the British government save face and retain their position as a global power. Although the United States did in many respects remove itself from direct intervention in the world relations, it was far from isolating itself. Much focus was placed on internal strengthening and development within the country, but at the same time America was still a key figure in world diplomacy and politics. The greatest contention between the United States and the Soviet Union at this time was the fall of the Russian government and the establishment of a Marxist's doctrine in what became the Soviet Union. After World War One Germany and the Soviet Union were virtually 'social outcasts' within the world political scene. Dialogue between the Soviet Union and the United States at the conclusion of the war was further strained by the Soviet Union's realization that American prisoners of war held by the Soviet government could be used as bargaining leverage to gain the United States' legitimization of the new Soviet government. Having previously negotiated for exchange of prisoners w ith the Soviet Union, the United States was unwilling to relent to these pressures when the Soviet government withdrew from the agreement and steadfastly refused to acknowledge its world legitimacy. Instead, the United States turned to Britain and France to assist in the negotiation for release of all three countries prisoners of war. The United States although politically refusing to recognize the Soviet Union as a sovereign nation - did so after World War One as it built, developed and strengthened economic ties. The national agenda of the era was to fabricate a strong economic base within the United States, but foreign investment including investment in the Soviet Union was prevalent by American industry during this period. During such times, as steadfastly as the United States refused to acknowledge the new communistic creation of the Soviet Union,

Discuss the IOM(institute of medicine) reports and how the reports Assignment

Discuss the IOM(institute of medicine) reports and how the reports apply to your specific practice area. Do you agree with the recommendations - Assignment Example The report also discusses the education of the nurses and their views to enhance their education. The nurses should be allowed to work along with the physicians and health care professionals in designing health care (Davis, Davis, & Williams, 2010). Registered Nurses (RN) are qualified and trained to perform an initial assessment of the patients. It is a part of their job to make health care plans for the patients. They are not allowed to do so in various states of US. The report also discusses the barriers that the nurses face in carrying out their duty. It is a reality that nurses are not given equal rights to practice their duty, and IOM and RWJF has joined hands and taken initiative to transform the nursing profession (Muehlbauer, 2012). The recommendation provided in this report is fair and just. The regulations of the state and its conflicts with APRNs must be resolved, so that the nurses can practice what they are trained to do during their education. If the nurses are trained to perform some task, which is a part of their course, then, they should be allowed to apply that part of the training in her professional life (Baljekar & Malet, 2014). Davis, S. P., Davis, D. D., & Williams, D. D. (2010). Challenges and Issues Facing the Future of Nursing Education: Implications for Ethnic Minority Faculty and Students. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 7 (4),

International Business Research Question and Answer

International Business Research Question and Answer Question 3 You are the CEO of a company that has to choose between making a $100 million investment in Russia or Poland. Both investments promise the same long-run return so your choice is driven by risk considerations. Assess the various risks of doing business in each of these nations. Which investment would you favour and why? Answer INTRODUCTION International Business International Business is evolved from international trade and international marketing. International business is a crucial venture due to the influence of varied social, cultural, political, economic, natural factor and government policies and laws. According to Michael H. Moffett, â€Å"International business is the process of focusing on the resources of the globe and objectives of the organizations on global opportunities and threats in order to produce, buy, sell or exchange of goods and services world-wide. Factors Lead to International Business Establishment of WTO Globalization of Economies Rapid technological Advancement Enlargement of European Union Increase in competition Higher growth rate of GDP in developing Countries Increase in business alliances in degree and variety Emergence of supportive institution RUSSIA Russia is the worlds largest country in terms of territory. Its consumer market consists of over 140 million people. It has vast resources, a highly educated workforce, and technologically advanced research and production capabilities. Still, Russias economic potential remains largely untapped. Many investors shy of Russia amid growing concerns that the political system in the country is breeding dissent among the population. As such, the economy has been in a state of flux in recent months and its close proximity to Europe amid the financial crisis remains a pivotal danger. However, none of these things change what Russia has to offer. Its technological capabilities matched with its natural resources give the countrys economy great potential. Political turmoil will only drive prices down, making it a better time to invest in this country. Investment Climate and Opportunities Overview 1. Dynamic Economic Growth 2. One of the Largest Consumer Markets 3. World-Renowned Human Capital 4. Vast Natural Resources 5. Unique Geographic Position 6. Technologically Advanced Economy 7. Attractive Taxation System 8. Extensive Government Support 9. Stable Social and Political System RUSSIA’S ECONOMIC OVERVIEW Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a globally-isolated, centrally-planned economy towards a more market-based and globally-integrated economy, but stalling as a partially reformed, statist economy with a high concentration of wealth in officials hands. RUSSIA: RISK ASSESSMENT 1. SLOW DOWN IN GROWTH: Growth has slowed down in Q2. This trend should beconfirmed over the whole of 2012, with the Russian economyhowever holding up in a very depressed internationaleconomic context. Oil production reached a record level inthe middle of the year. On the other hand, industrial productionhas suffered from a fall in demand from the mainpartners of Russia (European Union and China). Investmenthas been curbed by a rise in production costs reducingcompany profits. Private consumption, the main driver ofthe Russian economy, was buoyed in HY1 by the rise inwages and social spending, growth in banking credit aswell as the good state of the employment market. However,the rise in inflation is now affecting the increase in realwages and therefore domestic demand. Inflationary pressurehas increased since June, under the effect of the risein the price of food (increased by the effects of the summerdrought) and public services (energy). The Central Bankraised its refinancing rat e in mid-September (from 8% to8.25%) to try to contain the rise in prices within the limit ofits 6% target. 2. BUDGET CURRENT BALANCES DEPENDENT ON OIL PRICES: The 2012 budget was amended in June to take accountof an expected rise in oil prices (from $100 to $115 a barrel),which increases fiscal revenue and allows expenditureto be maintained. Oil revenue accounts for half of Staterevenue and the price of oil ensuring equilibrium in publicfinances has doubled since 2008. Taking into account therecent change in the price of a barrel, revenue should bebelow that expected while expenditure will not be reviseddownwards. Consequently, the balance should be slightlyin deficit at the end of the year. However, Russian publicfinances remain solid with public debt below 10% of GDP,leaving the government some room for manoeuvre, at leastin the short term. 3. COMPLEX JUDICIAL SYSTEM: Property rights are widely perceived to be contingent on political connections, and intimidation of businesses by the FSB and police for political and financial ends is frequent. Red tape stifles innovation, and lack of transparency makes adequate partner due diligence elusive. The judicial system is also problematic: legislation implementation is broadly unpredictable and the independence and integrity of Russian courts is deeply flawed. 4. CORRUPTION AND LACK OF GOVERNANCE: Corruption and weak corporate transparency is another major ongoing risk for investors. Many analysts admit say that this is a big problem particularly among some of the smaller companies, whose accounts are not particularly transparent. Even well-known and respected companies like IKEA which heavily focus on practicing ethical businesses activities declared a moratorium on subsequent Russian investments due to the ongoing concerns of corruption. Based on the Corruption Perception Index, Russia has a lot of obstacles to fair and efficient business practices. Even Iran, Libya and Pakistan are perceived as having less corruption. 5. POLICIES: Russia’s economic and fiscal policy is not investor-friendly. The tax code is overly complex. Russia also has a distinct penchant for protectionism: despite its WTO accession, it continues to unpredictably implement levies, tariffs and bans on hundreds of imports. Tight relations between business and politics are highly detrimental to the business environment. POLAND Polands economy is much smaller than that of Russia. However, with a strong consumer market of 38 million, it is still one of the biggest markets in Europe. The country benefits greatly from its geographical location, which makes it possible to export goods to all European countries and thus reach over 500 million consumers. Similar to Russia, Poland has a highly educated workforce. Therefore, Poland also falls victim to its proximity to Europe and the ongoing crisis. For these reasons many investors are also shying away from this nation. In these trying times though, Europe still remains a solid economy, and though it has faltered, it has managed to remain intact. As investors flee Europe amid growing concerns over the failure to revive the economy and provide successful solutions, Poland offers a great bargain. Polands economic performance could improve if the country addresses some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labour code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system. ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF POLAND Poland has the largest economy in Eastern Europe, and one of the highest levels of foreign investment at $13.9 billion as of 2006. Polands economy has been growing quickly, at about 6%, for the past 5 years, and was growing at an even faster pace before this. Despite its GDP growth, Poland faces numerous economic issues; it has chronic high unemployment, low wages despite significant increase of productivity, massive flight of educated population abroad, and low level of innovativeness and highest percentage of people working for national minimum wage among countries of European Union Poland: Risk Assessment 1. DECELEARTING GROWTH IN 2012: Economic activity remained sustained in 2011, despite a slowdown in growth during the last quarter. Growth has continued to decelerate in 2012. Household spending, which represents 60% of GDP, effectively remains low due to a decline in consumer confidence, in conjunction with an annual inflation rate of 3.8% in August 2012, a public sector wage freeze and deterioration in the employment market (13.3% unemployment). The Polish trade deficit shrank in 2012 following a contraction in domestic demand in Q2 VS. Q1 (-3.1%) and slowing exports (+0.8%). Although exports were impacted by a slowdown in Western Europe, exports towards Russia and Ukraine progressed by more than 20%. The heavy deficit in the income balance wiped out most of the positive effect from the trade improvement. The impact of external trade on GDP was nonetheless limited on account of the low level of trade openness compared to other Central European countries. An expected reduction in i nflation should enable the Polish central bank to modify monetary policy. The governor has committed to cutting rates in the event of an economic slowdown. Despite the decline foreign investment flows will cover the current account deficit. At the end of July 2012 net investment flows covered the deficit, i.e. EUR 8 billion. The private construction sector was weighed down by a fall in household demand. The construction production index published monthly by Euro stat fell 8% over the first 7 months of 2012 compared to 2011. Furthermore, the construction sector was boosted, during several months, by the organisation of the European football championships in June 2012 (stadiums, hotels, road networks †¦) with support from public investment. Corporate credit remained dynamic during Q1, particularly in zloty terms, but investment will decelerate sharply over coming months. 2. STRUCTURE AND HIERARCHY IN POLISH COMPANIES: Organisations in Poland have a strong respect for hierarchy and authority, with structure and delegation coming from above. This hierarchical style is reflected in manyPolish businessformalities and settings, including the decision-making process and the use of professional titles. Seniority in Polish organisations is acknowledged and respected and the corporate hierarchy is often formed on the basis of age and educational background. For this reason, when negotiating, it is advisable to send delegates of a similar status to those of Polish colleagues, both in age and professional qualifications. Rules and regulations are an important part of the Polish business environment so Polish counterparts may expect theirbusiness partners to know and appreciate established etiquette and business protocol. 3. RELATIONSHIPS: Doing business in Poland requires an understanding of the importance of relationships in polish businessculture. Building individual relationships is essential to the success of business objectives, especially in the long term. Polish people take time to establish relationships with business partners and to build trust. Poland has a family-focused society, and poles value building and maintaining close personal relationships. This may be considered as a challenge for many foreigners doing business in poland who are not used to sharing personal information with their business partners. For poles this is one of the stages of the trust-building process. 4. COMPLEX BUREAUCRACY: Although Poland’s per capita GDP is increasing relative to the rest of the EU, it amounts to less than 70% of the EU average. Nonetheless, strong domestic consumption is one of the engines of growth in Poland. Poland has made great strides toward improving the commercial climate, but investors point to an inefficient commercial court system, a rigid labour code, bureaucratic red tape, and a burdensome tax system as challenges for foreign companies. 5. IMPROVEMENTS IN INFRASTRUCTURE: Although many infrastructure improvements have been completed or are underway, Poland still has much work to do in order to modernize its road and railway network. Weaknesses in transportation infrastructure increases the cost of doing business for U.S. businesses by limiting ready access to all of the markets within Poland and diminishes the country’s current attractiveness as a regional distribution hub. Internet access and connection strength is good in the cities, but still very limited in less populated regions. 6. IMPROVING PUBLIC FINANCES: The Public finances development and consolidation plan implemented by the government in order to respect Maastricht criteria from 2013 onwards will be pursued. The public deficit, which reached almost 8% of GDP in 2010, is expected to fall below 4% in 2012, through higher taxes on oil products and an increase in social contributions. As a result, public debt should stabilise at around 55% of GDP. However, as a large proportion of the debt is held by non residents, it is vulnerable to risk aversion among investors. Furthermore, the European recession has weighed on foreign direct investment flows in 2012 which has meant that the only stable capital flows financing the current account deficit have come from European structural funds. The Polish banking system seems relatively robust, with capitalisation ratios in excess of Basel III minimum requirements. However, subsidiaries of foreign banks, which are mostly implanted in the euro zone, represent two-thi rds of the banking sector, which is therefore dependant on foreign capital. Banks remain highly exposed to currency risk, as household loans denominated in foreign currency account for 14% of GDP. Furthermore, the zloty depreciated by 8% of its value against the euro between January and September 2012. 7. A COMPARATIVELY STABLE POLITICAL CONTEXT: -The 2010 presidential election resulted in Bronislaw Komorowski leading a coalition between his centre-right party (PO), which had been in power since October 2007, and the Polish people’s party (PSA). The general elections held on 9 October 2011 confirmed the coalition’s position. The Prime Minister, Donald Tusk has made budget deficit reduction a priority. However, the latest opinion polls highlight growing popular discontent with current fiscal austerity. Furthermore, the adoption of the euro has been postponed due to the single currency’s current lack of appeal according to the Prime Minister. CONCLUSION Both countries have positives and negatives aspect of investment. But after assessing risks Quotient in these two countries one can conclude that it is difficult to set up new facility in Russia. Because there are more factors affecting risk perception in Russia as compared to risk perception in Poland. Poland is better option than Russia REASONS FOR THIS The only EU country to have avoided recession in 2009 FDI appeal is reinforced by the size of the domesticmarket Diversified economy The highest absorption rate of European structuralfunds in emerging Europe